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Sildenafil

Sildenafil, recognized by the trade name Viagra, falls under the category of PDE5 inhibitors.

Discover the key characteristics of sildenafil:

Mechanism of action

• Sildenafil inhibits the enzyme PDE5, which degrades cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), enhancing blood flow during sexual arousal by promoting relaxation of smooth muscles in penile blood vessels.
• This mechanism facilitates achieving and sustaining an erection.

Indications

• Sildenafil is primarily prescribed for treating erectile dysfunction in men.
• It may also be utilized to manage arterial hypertension under the name Revatio.

Onset of action

• The action of sildenafil typically begins within 30 minutes to 1 hour post-ingestion.

Duration of action

• Sildenafil’s effects generally persist for 4 to 5 hours, allowing for erection achievement and maintenance.

Dosage

• The standard initial dosage of sildenafil is 50 mg, adjustable based on individual needs and responses.
• This dose should be consumed approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour prior to sexual activity.

Side effects

• Common adverse effects include headaches, facial flushing, indigestion, vision alterations, increased blood pressure, and, in rare cases, hearing loss.

Contraindications

• Concurrent use of nitrates (e.g., nitroglycerin) is contraindicated due to the risk of severe hypotension. It is also not advisable for individuals with serious heart conditions or recent heart attacks.

Fluoxetine

Fluoxetine, marketed as Prozac, is categorized as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs).

Explore the essential characteristics of fluoxetine:

Mechanism of action

• Fluoxetine increases serotonin levels in the brain by inhibiting its reuptake into nerve cells, enhancing receptor availability.

Indications

• This medication is approved for treating depressive disorders.
• Fluoxetine is also effective for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), eating disorders (like bulimia nervosa), and sometimes prescriptive for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Onset of action

• The full therapeutic effects of fluoxetine generally manifest after several weeks of treatment.

Dosage

• For depression, the typical starting dose is 20 mg daily, adjustable as needed.
• For OCD, initial dosing can range from 20 mg to 60 mg daily.
• For bulimia nervosa, starting doses typically begin at 60 mg daily.

Side effects

• Potential side effects may include nervousness, insomnia or drowsiness, gastrointestinal disturbances, reduced appetite, irritability, weight loss, and sexual dysfunction.

Contraindications

• Fluoxetine must not be taken with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO) due to severe interaction risks, and is contraindicated for patients with severe liver conditions or known allergies to the drug.